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>
A Preliminary Checklist
of the Benthic Marine Algae
of the Samoan Archipelago
by
POSA A. SKELTON
&
G. ROBIN SOUTH
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Contents
INTRO.DUCTION........................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
History of Phycological Research in the Archipelago................................................ 2
Arr·angement of the List...........................................................................................................................................................................,..... 3
CHECKLIST...................................................................................._...................................................................... 4
Cyanophyceae................................................................................................................ 4
Rhodophyceae.............................................................................................................................. S
Bangiophycidae ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Florid·eophycidae .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Pbaeophyceae.......................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Chlorophyceae .............................."'...................................................................................................... ........................................ 15
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................ 20
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................................... 21
INDEX TO GENERA. AND SPECIES................................................................................................ 25
Endnotes............................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
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A Preliminary Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae of the
Samoan Archipelago
by
POSA A. SKELTON
&
G. ROBIN SOUTH
Marine Studies Programme
The University of the South Pacific
PO Box 1168, Suva
Republic of the Fiji Islands
ABSTRACT
A preliminary checklist ofpreviously published works on the benthic marine algae of
Samoa(l3-15° S; 168-173° W) is presented. The period spans that from the mid-1 9th
Century to the early 1920's, when the most recent serious work was carried out. In this
preliminary checklist a total of 198 taxa is recorded comprising 15 Cyanophyceae, 89
Rhodophyceae, 33 Phaeophyceae, and 60 Chlorophyceae. This probably represents no
more than 60 per ce:it of the actual flora based on available lists of the Fiji islands and
French Polynesia. Included in the list are 26 species for which the Samoa islands are
the type locality (13 percent of the currently known flora). A number of these species
may be endemic to the archipelago.
INTRODUCTION
Samoa is an archipelago made up of two politically distinct island groups,
located between 13-15 degrees South latitude and 168-173 degrees West longitude
(Douglas & Douglas, 1994). The two groups which include American Samoa to the
east became a part of the United States in 1899, while Western Samoa (now called
Samoa since 1997) gained independence in 1962, from New Zealand. The archipelago
consists of 17 islands, coral islets and atolls with a total land area of 3,121 sq. km.
Savai'i island (Samoa) is the biggest island, accounting for 1,820 sq. km. The
population is 50,923 in American Samoa (Douglas & Douglas, 1994) and 170,000 in
Samoa (1997 census).
The climate is tropical and consists of two distinct seasons. The dry season is
from May to September bringing very little rainfall, and the wet season from
November to March can bring tropical cyclones. The average annual rainfall is up to
7000 mm. The temperature is relatively warm with a daytime average of 30°Celsius
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and nighttime averages of20-25°Celsius. The relative humidity averages 80 per cent
(Douglas & Douglas, 1994).
The flora and fauna of the archipelago were first made known to the world by
European explorers. Captain M. Dwnont d'Urville (1822-1825), a French explorer was
the first to collect and document the flora and fauna ofthe archipelago. This was
insignificant compared to the collections made by Captain Charles Wilkes of the
United States Exploring Expedition (1838-1842). The Godeffroy Expedition (1862-
1872) from the Hamburg Museum specialised in zoological studies, however, some
botanical collections were also made (Grunow, 1874; Reinecke, 1896; Kramer, 1995).
The early missionaries contributed much to the knowledge of the Samoan islands in
the early nineteenth century. Since then more and more scientists have traveled and
worked on the fauna and flora of Samoa.
History of Phycological Research in the Archipelago
Reviews of previous botanical research including the algae from Samoa may be
found in Kramer (1902-1903; 1994-1995), Reinecke (1896) and Schmidt (1928).
Further reference to the Samoan seaweeds is to be found scattered among the algal
literature from the middle ofthe last Century to the middle ofthis Century. The first
recorded algal collections frmn Samoa are in Bailey and Harvey (1862), who described
Liagora hirta from specimens collected during the United States Exploring Expedition
in 1838- 1842; no other algae from Samoa were mentioned. The first significant
collections were made by Dr Eduard Graeffe during the Godeffroy Expedition. Dr
Graeffe ' s collections, which were mainly from Upolu and Savai'i islands were studied
by Dr A. Grunow, who published the red and brown algal groups with the intention of
publishing the greens and the blue-greens later (Grunow, 1874). Much of this
collection, which was housed at the Hamburg Botanical Museum, is now presumed
either lost during the Second World War, or moved to Grunow's Herbarium at the
Natural History Museum, Vienna. Grunow reported 32 taxa ofRhodophyceae
including 3 new species, and 11 Phaeophyceae including 2 new species.
Following Grunow's (1874) work, Dr Reinecke ofBreslau, Germany, who
resided in Samoa from 1893-1895 and with assistance of many experts, published a
catalogue of most of the botanical groups from Samoa (Reinecke, 1896). The
freshwater algae were published by Scbmidle while the marine algae were published
by Reinbold, both in Reinecke (1896). Reinbold included the Cyanophyceae and
Chlorophyceae collected by Dr Graeffe that had been omitted from Grunow (1874).
Reinhold's list includes 39 Rhodophyceae, 29 Chlorophyceae, 10 Phaeophyceae and 3
Cyanophyceae. Forty-three new records for Samoa were added ofwhich 2 new species
were described. In his synopsis of Sargassum species, Grunow (1915 - 1916) included
two species from Samoa.
American Samoa remained unstudied, until the Carnegie Expedition in the
early 1920s. William Albert Setchell, an American botanist who also examined
collections made by Dr Alfred Goldsborough Mayor, Rollin T. Chamberlain, AL.
Treadwell, Siltupe and F.A. Potts, provided tnuch ofwhat is known ofthe benthic
marine algae ofAmerican Samoa (Setchell, 1924). Setchell recorded 100 taxa: 11
Cyanophyceae, 48 Rhodophyceae, 12 Phaeophyceae and 29 Chlorophyceae. Sixty-
eight new records were added for the archipelago including 14 new species. Setchell's
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American Samoan collections are housed in the herbarium at the University of
California, Berkley, (UC). Setchell hired a professional collector (Harold E. Parks) to
survey the tropical Pacific but Samoa was not revisited (P.C. Silva,pers. comm.).
Following Setchell, a number ofPhycologists have since collected more algal
specimens from American Samoa. Roy Tsuda and Richard Buggeln carried out
extensive field work in Tutuila in 1963 (Tsuda, 1968). Some of their collections are
housed at UC and others are in BISH. The Polysiphonia specimens were identified and
published by Hollenberg, who included five new records for the archipelago
(Hollenberg, 1968).
In 1928, Schmidt compiled a catalogue of previously published as well as new
records of algae from 'New Guinea and Western Oceania' (Schmidt, 1928). Schmidt
relied on Grunow, Reinbold and Setchell's publications for records from Samoa, as
well as a small collection made by Captain Schneider for Heydrich in 1891 (Heydrich,
1892; Schmidt, 1928). A total of 159 taxa were included in Schmidt's list, of which 12
were new for the archipelago. Although Schmidt's (1928) publication contains some
errors and omissions, it remains an important document for the flora of the region.
A numt:,er of Samoan collections are to be found in various herbaria worldwide
and may include taxa not listed here. It is not intended here to complete an exhaustive
search ofthe literature for scattered reports of Samoan algae, although it is hoped that
these will be recorded in due course.
Arrangement of the List.
In the present work we attempt to bring together the list of benthic marine algae
previously published from the Samoan·Archipelago. The list is updated according to
current nomenclature, and follows Silva et al., (1987; 1996), unless otherwise stated.
For ease ofreference the original citations and page numbers are given for each taxon.
Genera are listed alphabetically within each family. The authorities are given
for each genus but not the full citation. Within each genus the species are arranged
alphabetically and for each entry the following are provided according to a standard
fom1at:
• Binomial;
• Nomenclatural and taxonomic synonyms wtth specific reference to Samoan
records;
• Misapplied names with specific reference to Samoan records.
Endnotes are provided either to clarify some points raised or to guide the reader to
other relevant references for further information. An asterisk (•) is used to indicate
taxa for which a type locality is from the Samoan archipelago.
A variety of taxonomic and nomenclatural uncertainties will be evident from
the list; these will not be resolved until further studies, including where necessary the
examination oforiginal specimens, have been undertaken.
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Figure 1. Map of the Samoan Archipelago.
I
173" W
I
i1 ·w
, D.~ .
SAMOA
I
171 '
W
13 •
S
•
I
11o• w
I
I
1<.,•w
I
Samoan Archipelago
I
I
I
I
I
T ut uila
r1111op ~ ·
Manu'a lslatl~_5-
oru ... ..OloJq_l
0
Ta'u
AMERICAN SAMOA
0
100 kilometres
1s• s
l 68 ° W
14 °S -1-
Rtt,r Atnll
CHECKLIST
CYANOPHYCEAE
CHROOCOCCALES
Hydrococcaceae
Hyella Bomet & Flahault
Hyella caespitosa Bomet & Flahault
- Setchell, 1924: 183.
NOSTOCALES
Microchaetaceae
Microchaete Thuret, nom. cons.
Microcliaete vitie11sis Askenasy ex Bomet & Flahault
- Reinbold, 1896: 266. - Setchell, 1924: 181.
Nostocaceae
Nostoc Adanson
Nostoc muscorum C. Agardh
- Setchell, 1924: 182.
Hormotbamnium Grunow
Hormothanmium enteromorp hoides Grunow
- Reinbold, 1907: 200
Rivulariaceae
. Calothrix C. Agardh
Calothrix crustacea Thuret
- Reinbold, 1907: 200
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Scytonemataceae
Scytonema C. Agardh
•Scytonemafifuratum var. samoense Hieronymus
-Schmidle, 1896: 253 . -Setchell, 1924: 181.
Scytonema hofmanni-bangii C. Agardh
[== Scytonema hofmanni C. Agardh. - Setchell, 1924: 181.J - Silva et al., 1996: 76-77.
Scytonema stuposum (Klitzing) Bomet
-Setchell, 1924: 181.
OSCILLAT0RIALES
Oscillatoriaceae
Lyngbya C. Agardh, nom. cons.
Lyngbya majuscula (Dillwyn) Harvey
-Reinbold, 1896: 266; -1907: 200. -Setchell, 1924: 183.
Lyngbya polychroa (Meneghini) Rabenhorst
[= Lyngbya sordida Gomont. - Reinbold, 1907: 200.] - Silva et al., 1996: 39-40.
•Lyngbya pygmaea Setchell
-Setchell, 1924: 183, fig. 45.
Phormidiaceae
Phormidium Klitzing
Plwrmidium autumnale (C. Agardh) Gomont
- Reinbold, 1907: 200.
Symploca Klitzing
Symploca hydnoides (Harvey) Klitzing
-Reinbold, 1907: 200. -Setchell, 1924: 182.
Symploca muscorum (C. Agardh) Gomont
- Setchell, 1924: 182.
STIG0NEMATALES
N ostocbopsidaceae
Mastigocoleus Lagerheim
Mastigocoleus testarum Lagerheim
-Setchell, 1924: 181.
RHOOOPHYCEAE
Bangiophycidae
ERYTHR0PELTIDALES
Erythrotrichiaceae
Erythrotrichia Areschoug, nom. cons.
Erythrotrichia investiens (Zanardini) Bomet
-Schmidt, 1928: 55. [possibly equals Bangia tenuissima Kutzing - Reinbold, 1896:
275.]2 - Silva et al., 1996: 89.
P0RPHYRIDIALES
Porphyridiaceae
Stylonema Reinsch
Stylonema alsidii (Zanardini) K. Drew
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[= Goniotrichum alsidii (Zanardini) M.A. Howe. - Setchell, 1924: 165; includes
Goniotrichum elegans (Chauvin) Le Jolis & Forti. -Schmidt, 1928: 55.]3 - Silva et al.,
1996: 87.
Florideophycidae
NEMALIALES
Galaxauraceae
Actinotrichia Decaisne
Actbtotrichiafragilis (Forsskal) B0rgesen
[includes Actinotrichia rigida (Lamouroux) Decaisne. - Grunow, 1874: 39. -Reinbold,
1896: 272; -1907: 204. - Setchell, 1924: 164. -Schmidt, 1928: 59; possibly equals
J4 Liagora fragilis Zanardini. - Reinbold, 1907: 204. - Schmidt, 1928: 56. - Silva et al.,
1996: 104-105, 127-128.
Galaxaura Lamouroux
Galaxaura marginata (Ellis & Solander) Lamouroux
--Grunow, 1874: 38. - Reinbold, 1896: 272. [= Brachycladia marginata (Ellis &
Solander) Schmitz. - Schmidt, 1928: 57.]5 --Silva et al., 1996: 107.
Ga/axaura rugosa (Ellis & Selander) Lamouroux.
[= Galaxaura lapidescens (Ellis & Solander) Lamouroux. - Grunow, 1874: 38. -
Reinbold, 1896: 272. - Schmidt, 1928: 57; includes Gala.xaura rudis Kjellman. -
Setchell, 1924: 164; possibly includes Galaxaura rugosa var. intermedia Grunow. -
Grunow, 1874: 38. - Reinbold, 1896: 272.] - Silva et al., 1996: 110-111.
Tricleocarpa Huisman & Borowitzka
Tricleocarpa cylindrica (Ellis & Solander) Huisman & Borowitzka
[includes G_alaxaurafast1iata Decaisne. - Grunow, 1874: 37-38. -Reinbold, 1896:
272. - Schmidt, 1928: 58.]
Tricleocarpafragilis (Linnaeus) Huisman & Townsend
[= Galaxaurafragilis (Lamarck) Klitzing. - Reinbold, 1907: 204. - Schmidt, 1928: 58.]
--Silva et al., 1996: 117-118.
Liagoraceae
Ganonema Fan & Wang
Ga11011emafarinosum (Lamouroux) Fan & Wang
[includes Galaxaura cliftoni Harvey. - Grunow, 1874: 38. - Reinbold 1896: 272;
Liagora cliftoni (Harvey) J. Agardh. -Schmidt, 1928: 56.f - Silva et al., 1996: 120.
Liagora Lamouroux
•Liagora hirta Harvey & Bailey
---Bailey & Harvey, 1862: 170- 171. - Setchell, 1924: 164. - Schmidt, 1928: 57.
GELIDIALES
Gelidiaceae
Gelidium Lamouroux, nom. cons.
Gelidium crinale (Tumer) Gaillon
- Reinbold, 1907: 204. - Schmidt, 1928: 59.8
Gelidium delicatulum (Klitzing) Setcheil
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-Setchell, 1924: 164. -Schmidt, 1928: 60.9 See Payri & N'Yeurt, 1997: 888.
•Gelidium samoense Reinbold
- Reinbold, 1907: 204. -Setchell, 1924: 163. -Schmidt, 1928: 60.
Gelidiellaceae
Gelidiella J. Feldmann & G. Hamel
Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskal) J. Feldmann & G. Hamel to
[includes Gelidium rigidum (Vahl) Greville. -Grunow, 1874: 40. .,Reinbold, 1896:
273. - Setchell, 1924: 163; Gelidiopsis rigida (Vahl) Weber-van Bosse. - Schmidt,
1928: 65.)-Silva et al., 1996: 147-150.
GRACILARIALES
G racilariaceae
Gracilaria Greville, nom. cons.
Graci/aria edulis (S. Gmelin) P. Silva
[includes Graci/aria lichenoides Linnaeus. -Grunow, 1874: 42. - Reinbold, 1896: 274;
- 1907: 205. - Schmidt, 1928: 63.)11 -Silva et al., 1996: 165-167.
Graci/aria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss
[= Graci/aria confervoides Greville. - Grunow, 1874: 42. - Reinbold, 1896: 274. -
Schmidt, 1928: 63.]12 -Silva et al., 1996: 178-180.
CRYPTONEMIALES
Halymeniaceae
Cryptonemia J. Agardh
Cryptonemia decumbens Weber-van Bosse
- Setchell, 1924: 158. - Schmidt, 1928: 77.
Halymenia C. Agardh, nom. cons.
Halymenia durvillei Bory de Saint-Vincent
- Grunow, 1874: 32. -Reinbold, 1896: 271; - 1907: 206. - Schmidt, I928: 76
('durvillaei').
Halymenia formosa Harvey ex Klitzing
[= Halymenia durvillei Bory de Saint-Vincent var.formosa (Harvey ex Klitzing)
Weber-van Bosse. - Reinbold, 1896: 271. - Schmidt, 1928: 76.] - Silva et al., 1996:
198.
Prionitis J. Agardh, nom. cons.
Prionitis obtusa Sonder
- Grunow, 1874: 31-32. - Reinbold, 1896: 271. - Setch~ll, 1924: 158. --Schmidt, 1928:
77.
Peyssonneliaceae
Polystrata Heydrich
Polystrata dura Heydrich
[=: Cruoriella dura (Heydrich) Weber-van Bosse. - Setchell 1924: 157, pl. 18, fig. E. -
Schmidt, 1928: 78.] ~-Silva et al., 1996: 215.
Peyssonnelia Decaisne
•Peyssonnelia delicata Setchell
- Setchell, 1924: 156, fig: 28. ~Schmidt, 1928: 79.
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Peyssonneliafoveolata (Weber-van Bosse) Denizot
[= Cruoriella foveolata Weber-van Bosse. - Setchell 1924: 157. - Schmidt, 1928: 78.]
- Silva et al., 1996: 211.
Peyssonnelia mariti (Weber-van Bosse) Denizot
[= Cruoriella mariti Weber-van Bosse. - Setchell 1924: 157. - Schmidt, 1928: 78.] -
Silva et al., 1996: 212.
Peyssom,elia r11bra (Greville) J. Agardh
- Grunow, 1874: 40. -Reinbold, 1896: 273; - 1907: 207. -Setchell, 1924: 156. -
Schmidt, 1928: 78.
CORALLINALES
CoraUinaceae
Amphiroa Lamouroux
Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne
-Reinbold, 1896: 273. - Setchell, 1924: 153. - Schmidt, 1928: 83.
Ampltiroa crassa Lamouroux in Quoy & Gaimard
-Setchell, 1924: 153. - Schmidt, 1928: 83.
Amphiroafoliacea Lamouroux in Quoy & Gaimard
- Setchell, 1924: 154. -Schmidt, 1928: 83.
Ampltiroa fragilissima (Linnaeus) Lamouroux
- Setchell, 1924: 153. - Schmidt, 1928: 82.
Ampltiroa tribulus (Ellis & Sollander) Lamoureux
-Grunow, 1874: 41. - Reinbold, 1896: 273; --1907: 207. - Schmidt, 1928: 82.
CbeiJosporum (Decaisne) Zanardini
Cheilosporum acuti/obum (Decaisne) Piccone
[includes Cheilosporumjungermannoides Ruprecht. - Setchell 1924: 152. -Schmidt,
1928: 83.] - Silva et al., 1996: 227.
Clteilosporum spectabile Harvey ex Grunow
-Grunow, 1874: 41. - Reinbold, 1907: 207. - Setchell, 1924: 152. - Schmidt, 1928: 83.
Corallina Linnaeus
Corallina granifera Ellis & Solander
- Reinbold, 1907: 207. - Schmidt, 1928: 84.1 3
Hydrolithon (Foslie) Foslie
Hydrolitl,011 craspedium (Foslie) P. Silva
[= Porolithon craspedium Foslie. - Setchell, 1924: 25 1, pl. 36 1-2, pl. 37, figs A, B. -
Schmidt, 1928: 81.] - Silvaeta/., 1996: 235.
Hydrolit/,011 farilwsmn (Lamouroux) Penrose & Chamberlain
[=Melobesiafarinosa Lamouroux. - Reinbold, 1896: 273. - Schmidt, 1928: 80.] - Silva
et al., 1996: 236-237.
Hydrolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Penrose & Woelkerling
[= Porolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Foslie. - Setchell, 1924: 154, pl. 19, figs A, B. -
Schmidt, 1928: 81]. --Silva et al., 1996: 238-239.
Hydrolit/1011 rei11boldii (Weber-van Bosse & Foslie) Foslie
- Schmidt, 1928: 80.
[= Goniolithon reinboldii Weber-van Bosse & Foslie. - Setchell, 1924: 155.] - Silva et
al., 1996: 239.
• Hydrolitlton samoi!nse (Foslie) Keats & Chamberlain
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- Keats & Chamberlain, 1994: 15-19, figs 31-54. [= Lithophyllum samoense Foslie. -
Foslie 1906: 20. - Schmidt, 1928: 81.J See Adey & Lebednik, 1967: 17.
Jania Lamouroux
Jania adhaerens Lamouroux
- Setchell, 1924: 152. - Schmidt, 1928: 84.
Jania pumila Lamouroux
- Schmidt, 1928: 83. [=Corallina pumila Lamouroux. - Reinbold, 1907: 207.] - Silva et
al., 1996: 243.
Jania te11e/la (Klitzing) Grunow
-Grunow, 1874: 42. - Reinbold, 1896: 273. - Schmidt, 1928: 84. [= Corallina tenella
Klitzing. - Reinbold, 1907: 207.] - Silva et al., 1996: 244.
Lithopbyllum Philippi
Lithophyllum byssoides (Lamarck) Foslie
- Reinbold, 1896: 274. - Schmidt, 1928: 81.
Lithophyllum kotscl,yanum Unger
- Schmidt, 1928: 82. [includes Lithophyllum kaiserii (Heydrich) Heydrich. -Setchell,
1924: 154, pl. 18, fig. B.]-Silva et al., 1996: 248.
Litlwphyllum pygmaeum (Heydrich) Heydrich
(includes Lithophyllum moluc;cense Foslie. - Setchell, 1924: 154. - Schmidt, - 1928:
81.J - Silva et al., 1996: 250.
Lithoporella (Foslie) Foslie
Lithoporel/a melobesioides (Foslie) Foslie
[= Mastophora melobesioides Foslie. - Setchell, 1924: 154. - Schmidt, 1928: 82.) -
Silva et al., I 996: 251.
Mesophyllum Lemoine
Mesophyllum simulans (Foslie) Lemoine
[= Lithothamnion simulans Foslie. - Setchell, 1924: 155. - Schmidt, 1928: 79.J - Silva
et al., 1996: 258.
Neogoniolithon Setchell & Mason
Neogoniolithon brassica-florida (Harvey) Setchell & Mason
[includes. Goniolithonfrutescens Foslie. - Setch~ll, 1924: 154, pl. 18, fig. C;
Goniolithon laccadivicum (Foslie) Foslie. - Setchell, 1924: 154, pl. 18, fig. D . -
Schmidt, 1928: 80.] - Silva et al., 1996: 261-262.
Sporolithac~ae
Sporolithon Heydrich
Sporolithon erythraeum (Rothpletz) Kylin
[possibly equals Archaeolithothamnium erythraeum (Rothpletz) Foslie f. moile
(Heydrich) Foslie. - Setchell 1924: 155, pl.18, fig. A. - Schmidt, 1928: 79.] - Silva et
al., 1996: 276.
Sporolitho11 sibogae (Weber-van Bosse & Foslie) P. Silva
[= Archaeolithothamnion sibogae Weber-van Bosse & Foslie in Foslie. - Setchell
1924: 155. - Schmidt, 1928: 79.] - Silva et al., 1996: 277-278.
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GIGARTINALES
Hypneaceae
Hypnea Lamouroux
Hypnea divaricata (C. Agardh) Greville
- Reinbold, 1896: 272; - 1907: 205. - Schmidt, 1928: 64.14
oHypnea nidulans Setchell
- Setchell, 1924: 161-162, fig. 30. - Schmidt, 1928: 65.
Hypnea pannosa J. Agardh
- Grunow, 1874: 39. - Reinbold, 1896: 272. - Schmidt, 1928: 65.
RHODYMENIALES
Cbampiaceae
Cbampia Desvaux
Champia parvula (C. Agardh) Harvey15
(possibly includes Lomentaria parvula Gaillon var. tenera Klitzing. - Grunow, 1874:
45. - Reinbold, 1896: 274.] 16
Lorhentariaceae
Lomentaria Lyngbye
Lomentaria parvula (C. Agardh) Zanardini var. vaga Klitzing
[possibly equals Lomentar;11 vaga Klitzing. - Reinbold, 1896: 274;
includes Laurencia vaga Klitzing. - Schmidt, 1928: 69.]17
Rbodymeniaceae
Gelidiopsis Schmitz
Gelidiopsis i11tricata (C. Agardh) Vickers
- Schmidt, 1928: 61.
[= Gelidium intricatum (C. Agardh) Kiitzing. - Grunow, 1874: 40. - Reinbold, 1896:
273. - Setchell, 1924: J63, fig 31.] - Silva et al., 1996: 360-361.
•Gelidiopsis pan11osa (Grunow) Schmitz
[ = Gelidiumpannosum Grunow. - Grunow, 1874: 40. - Reinbold, 1896: 273. - Schmidt,
1928: 60.] - Silva et al., 1996: 361.
Gelidiopsis repens (Klitzing) Weber-van Bosse
[include Gelidiopsis acrocarpa (Harvey) Schmitz. - Reinbold, 1896: 273. - Schmidt,
1928: 61; Gelidium acrocarpum (Harvey) in J. Agardh. - Setchell, 1924: 163.]- Silva
et al., 1996: 361.
CERAMIALES
Ceramiaceae
Anotrichium Nageli
Anotrichium te11ue (C. Agardh) Nageli var.' thyrsigerum (Thwaites ex Harvey)
Kim & Lee
[includes Griffithsia thyrsigera (Thwaites) Gmnow. - Setchell, 1924: 159-160. -
Schmidt, 1928: 74.] - Womersley, 1998: 340.
Antithamnion Nageli
Antitham11ion pteroton (Schousboe) Bomet
- Reinbold, 1907: 206. - Schmidt, 1928: 74.
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Callithamnion Lyngbye
Callitltamnion codicola Grunow
-Reinbold, 1896: 271. - Schmidt, 1928: 74.
Centroceras Klitzing
Centroceras clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montange
- Setchell, 1924: 159. [= Ceramium clavulatum C. Agardh. - Reinbold, 1907: 206.
Schmidt, 1928: 75; possibly equal Centroceras c/avulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne var.
cryptacanthum Klitzing. -Grunow, 1874: 31.-Reinbold, 1896: 271; Centroceras
clavu/atum var. inerme (Klitzing). - Grunow, 1874: 31. - Reinbold, 1896: 271.] - Silva
et al., 1996: 387
Ceramium Roth, nom. cons.
Ceramium flaccidum (Klitzing) Ardissone
- Reinbold 1896: 271. --South & Skelton (mscr.). [includes Ceramium byssoideum
Harvey.
-
Schmidt,
1928:
75
18
;
possibly
includes
Ceramium
gracillimum
Griffiths
&
Harvey. - Schmidt, 1928: 75. 19 - Reinbold 1896: 271.] - Silva et al., 1996: 397.
• Ceramium punctiforme Setchell
-Setchell, 1924: 158, fig.29. -South & Skelton (mscr.).
Ceramiu,n subverticillatum (Grunow) Weber-van Bosse
[= Ceramium kutzingianum Grunow var. subverticil/atum Grunow. - Grunow, 1874:
31. - South & Skelton (mscr.).]-Silva et al., 1996: 403.
Spyridia Harvey
Spyridiafilame11tosa (Wulfen) Harvey
[includes Spyridia spine/la Sonder - Setchell, 1924: 153. --:-Schmidt, 1928: 75.]-Si]va
et al., 1996: 427-428.
Delesseriaceae
Haloplegma Montagne
Haloplegma duperreyi Montagne
[includes Haloplegma africanum Klitzing. - Grunow, 1874: 30. - Reinbold, 1896: 271.
- Schmidt, 1928: 74.] - Silva et al., 1996: 414.
Hypoglossum Ktitzing
Hypoglossum caloglossoides Wynne & Kraft
-Wynne & Kraft, 1985: 9-19. -Price & Scott 1992: 137. [= (;aloglossa viellardi
(Klitzing) Setchell. - Setchell 1924: 161).
Rhodomelaceae
Acanthopbora Lamouroux
Acantlwplwra spicifera (Vahl) B0rgesen
-Schmidt, 1928: 70. [includesAcanthophora orientalis J. Agardh. - Grunow 1874: 47.
- Reinbold, 1896: 275. -Schmidt, 1928: 70.]-Silva et al., 1996: 471.
Melanamansia R. Norris
Melanamansia glomerata (C. Agardh) R. Norris
[possibly equals to Amansia glomerata C. Agardh. -Grunow, 1874: 50. - Reinbold,
1896: 275. - Schmidt, 1928: 73.]20
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Bostrychia Montagne, nom. cons.
Bostrychia binderi Harvey
[= Bostrychia sertularia Montagne. - Setchell 1924: 160.] See Taylor 1960: 599.
Bostrychia tenella (Lamouroux) J. Agardh
[includes Bostrychia viellardi Klitzing. - Setchell 1924: 160. - Schmidt, 1928: 7221 .]
See Taylor 1960: 599.
Herposiphonia Nageli
Herposiplionia secunda (C. Agardh) Ambronn forma tenella (C. Agardh)
Wynne
- Schmidt, 1928: 72 (no form given).22 [possibly equalsPolysiphonia tenella (C.
Agardh) Moris & De Notaris. -Grunow, 1874: 47-48. - Reinbold, 1896: 275.]
Laurencia23 Lamouroux, nom. cons.
Laurencia ceylanica J. Agardh
- Setchell, 1924: 161.24 - Schmidt, 1928: 68.
Laure11cia microcladia Kiitzing
-Grunow, 1874: 46. - Schmidt, 1928: 69.
[possibly equals Lomentaria microcladia Kiltzing. - Reinbold, 1896: 274.]
Laurencia nidifica J. Agardh
- Setchell, 1924: 161. - Schmidt, 1928: 68.
Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux
- Reinbold, 1907: 206. - Schmidt, 1928: 68.
•Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux var. rigidula Grunow
- Grunow, 1874: 45. - Reinbold, 1907: 206. - Schmidt, 1928: 68. [possibly equals to
Lomentaria obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux var. regidula Grunow. - Reinbold, 1896:
274.]
Lophosiphonia Falkenberg
Loplwsiphonia calothrix (Harvey)De Toni
-'-Reinbold, 1896: 275; - 1907: 206. - Schmidt, 1928: 72. [possibly equals Polysiphonia
calothrix (Harvey) forma tenuis Grunow. - Grunow, 1874: 48.]
Lophosiplwnia obscura (C. Agardh) Falkenberg
- Setchell, 1924: 160. - Schmidt, 1928: 72.
Polysipbonia Greville, nom. cons.
Polysiplwnia codicola Zanardini ex Frauenfeld25
- Grunow, 1874: 48. - Reinbold, 1896: 275. -Schmidt, 1928: 71.
Polysiphoniajaponica Harvey var. savatieri (Hariot) Yoon
[= Polysiphonia savatieri Hariot. - Hollenberg, 1968: 77-79, fig. 37, 38.]26
Polysiphonia mollis J. Hooker & Harvey var. to11gatensis (Harvey ex Kiitzing)
Hollenberg
[= Polysiphonia tongatensis Harvey. - Grunow, 1874: 48. - Setchell, 1924: 161. -
Schmidt, 1928: 7027 (asPolysiphonia mollis).] - Silva et al., 1996: 543.
Polysiphonia scopulorum Harvey
-Setchell, 1924: 160-161. - Schmidt, 1928: 71.
Polysiplwnia scopulormn Harvey var. scopulorum (Harvey) Hollenberg
- Hollenberg, 1968: 79-81, figs 6}, 30, 31, 33, 36.
Polysipho11ia scopulorum Harvey var. villum (J. Agardh) Hollenberg
- Hollenberg, 1968: 81-83, fig. 7 a.
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Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa B0rgesen
- Hollenberg, 1968: 87-90.
Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa B0rgesen var. distans Hollenberg
- Hollenberg, 1968: 90-91, fig. 5 E.
•Polysiphonia upole11sis Grunow
-Grunow, 1874: 49. - Reinbold, 1896: 275. - Schmidt, 1928: 70. - Hollenberg, 1968:
94-96, figs 42 A-F.
Tolypiocladia Schmitz
Tolypiocladia glomerulata (C. Agardh) Schmitz
-Setchell, 1924: 160. (= Roschera glomerulata (C. Agardh) Weber-van Bosse -
Schmidt, 1928: 71.]28 - Silva et al., 1996: 554-555.
Womersleyella Hollenberg
Womersleyella setacea (Hollenberg) R. Norris
[:=: Polysiphonia setacea Hollenberg. - Hollenberg, 1968: 85-87, figs 5 A, B, C.] 29
PHAEOPHYCEAE
ECTOCARPALES
Ectocarpaceae
Ectocarpus Lyngbye
Ectocarpus amicorum Harvey30
-Grunow, 1874: 24.
•Ectocarpus van-bosseae Setchell & Gardner
-Setchell, 1924: 170, fig. 36. - Schmidt-, 1928: 42.
Hincksia J. Gray
Hincksia breviarticulata (J. Agardh) P. Silva
[= Ectocarpus breviarticulatus J. Agardh. - Setchell 1924: 171. -Schmidt, 1928: 43.J -
Silva eta!., 1996: 566-567.
Feldmania G. Hamel
Feldmania indica (Sander) Womersley & Bailey
[= Ectocarpus indicus Sonder. - Grunow, 1874: 24. - Reinbold, I 896: 269 - Setchell
1924: 169. - Schmidt, 1928: 42; includes Ectocarpus duchassaingianus Grunow. -
Setchell 1924: 170, fig. 35. - Schmidt, 1928: 42.] - Silva et al., 1996: 563.
Kuetzingiella Kornmann
Kuetzingiella elacliistaeformis (Heydrich) M. Balakrishnan & Kinkar
[== Ectocarpus elachistaeformis Heydrich. - Schmidt, 1928: 42]. - Silva et al., 1996:
570.
Ralfsiaceae
Hapalospongidion D. Saunders
•Hapalospongidion pa11goe11se (Setchell) P. Silva
[= Ralfsia pangoensis Setchell. -Setchell, 1924: 167, fig. 33 3. - Schmidt, 1928: 45
('pangsoensis').] - Silva et al., 1996: 573.
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SPHACELARIALES
S pbacelariaceae
Sphacelaria Lyngbye
Sphacelaria ceylanica Sauvageau
-Setchell, 1924: 168. - Schmidt, 1928: 43.
Spltacelaria comuta Sauvageau
-Setchell, 1924: 168.
Spltacelaria rigidula Klitzing
[includes Sphacelariafurcigera Ktitzing. - Schmidt, 1928: 43.] - Silva et al., 1996:
576-577.
DICTYOTALES
Dictyotaceae
Dictyota Lamouroux, nom. cons.
Dictyota ciliolata Kutzing
[possibly includes Dictyota ciliata J. Agardh var. humilis Grunow: - Grunow, 1874: 24.
- Reinbold, 1896: 270. - Schmidt, 1928: 54.] - Silva et al. , 1996: 588-589.
Dictyota diclwtoma (Hudson) Lamouroux
-Lovell & Toloa, I994: 71.
Dictyota lata Lamouroux
-Setchell, 1924: 167. - Schmidt, 1928: 54.
Padina Adanson, non,,. cons.
Padilla borya11a Thivy
[possibly includes Padina commersonii Bory de Saint-Vincent. - Reinbold, 1907: 203.
-Schmidt, 1928: 52. Lovell & Toloa, 1994: 71.] - Silva eta!., 1996: 602-60331
Padilla gymnospora (Klitzing) Sonder
-Schmidt, 1928: 53.32 [possibly equals Padinapavonia Gaillon var. gymnospora
KHtzing. - Grunow, 1874: 25. - Reinbold, 1896: 270.] - Silva et al., 1996: 604-605.
CUTLERIALES
Cutleriaceae
Cutleria Grevi11e
Cutleria multifida (J.E. Smith) Greville
- Schmidt, 1928: 45.
•Cut/eria multifida var. pacifica Grunow
- Grunow, 1874: 25. - Reinbold, 1896 270; -1907: 203.33 - Schmidt; 1928: 45.
SCYTOSIPHONALES
Scytosiphonaceae
Hydroclathrus Bory de Saint-Vincent
Hydroclatltrus clathratus (C. Agardh) Howe
[= Asperococcus clathratus (Bory de Saint-Vincent) J. Agardh. - Grunow, 1874: 2434;
Hydroclathrus cancellatus Bory de Saint-Vincent. - Reinbold, 1896: 270. -Schmidt,
I928: 44.) - Silva et al., 1996: 630-631.
Rosenvingea Bergesen
Rosenvingea intricata (J. Agardh) Bergesen
[= Asperococcus intricatus J. Agardh. - Grunow, 1874: 24. - Reinbold, 1896: 270. -
Schmidt, 1928: 44.] - Silva et al., 1996: 633.
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Chnoosporaceae
Chnoospora J. Agardh
Chnoospora implexa J.· Agardh
-Grunow, 1874: 25. -Reinbold, 1896: 271.
Chnoospora minima (Hering) Papenfuss
[possibly includes Chnoospora pacifica J. Agardh. -Setchell 1924: 168. -Schmidt,
1928: 44 ('Chnoospora fastigiata var. pacifica').] -Silva et al., 1996: 626.
Chnoospora pannosa J. Agardh
-Grunow, 1874: 25. -Reinbold, 1896: 271. -Schmidt, 1928: 44.
FUCALES
Sargassaceae
Sargassum35 C. Agardh, nom. cons.
• Sargassum anapense Setchell & Gardner
-Setchell, 1924: 165, fig. 32. -Schmidt, 1928: 50.
Sargassum cinctum J. Agardh
- Schmidt, 1928: 48.
•Sargassum crassifolium J. Agardh var. samoensis Grunow
-Grunow, 1915: 390. -Schmidt, 1928: 47.
•Sargassum cristaefolium C. Agardh var. upolensis Grunow
~Grunow, 1874: 27; -1915: 398. - Reinbold, 1896: 270. - Lovell & Toloa, 1994: 71.
Sargassum echinocarpum J. Agardh
- Reinbold, 1896: 270. -Schmidt; 1928: 47.
•Sargassum fonanonense Setchell & Gardner
-Setchell, 1924: 166: 166, figs 33, 1, 2. -Schmidt, 1928: 49.
Sargassum gracile J. Agardh
c...Schmidt, 1928: 50.
Sargassum obovatum Harvey var. pfeifferae (Grunow) Grunow
[= Sargassum pfeifferae Grunow. -Grunow, 1874: 27-28.] -Silva et al., 1996: 689.
Sargassum odontocarpum Sonder
[= Sargassum corrifolium J. Agardh nom. illeg. - Reinbold, 1907: 203.]
Sargassum oligocystum Montagne
(possibly includes Sargassum binderi Sonder. -Schmidt, 1928: 47.36
Turbinaria Lamouroux
Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Klitzing
- Reinbold, 1907: 203. - Schmidt, 1928: 46.
Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh
- Reinbold, 1907: 202. - Setchell, 1924: 166. -Schmidt, 1928: 46. ~Lovell & Toloa,
1994: 71.
CHLOROPHYCEAE
ULVALES
Ulvaceae
Enteromorpha Link, nom. cons.
Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Greville
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-Reinbold, 1896: 266. - Setchell, 1924: 180. -Schmidt, 1928: 25. - Silva et al., 1996:
729.
Enteromorpha compressa (Linnaeus) Nees
--Reinbold, 1896: 266 (possibly including var. elongata). - Schmidt, 1928: 24. - Silva et
al., 1996: 729-730.
Enteromorpha jlexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh
-Reinbold, 1896: 266. - Setchell, 1924: 180. -Schmidt, 1928: 24.
Enteromorpha jlexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh subsp. paradoxa (C. Agardh)
Bliding
[includes Enteromorpha plumosa Klitzing. Reinbold, 1896: 267. - Schmidt, 1928:
24]. - Silva et al., 1996: 733.
Enteromorplta intestinalis (Linnaeus) Nees
-Reinbold, 1896: 266. - Setchell, 1924: 180. -Schmidt, 1928: 24. - Silva et al., 1996:
734.
Enteromorpha lingulata J. Agardh
-Schmidt, 1928: 24.
Enteromorpha muscoides (Clemente y Rubio) Cremades
[includes Enteromorpha crinita (Roth) J. Agardh. --Reinbold 1896: 266. - Schmidt,
1928: 24.] - Silva et al., 1996: 737-738.
Enter.omorpha prolifera (0.F. Muller) J. Agardh
- Reinbold, 1907: 201. - Schmidt, 1928: 24. [includes Enteromorpha salina Klitzing
var. polyclados Klitzing. - Setchell, 1924: 180.] - Silva et al., 1996: 739.
CLADOPHORALES
Cladophoraceae
Chaetomorpha Klitzing nom. cons.
Chaetomorpha a11te1111ina (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Klitzing
-Setchell, 1924: 177. ..,.Schmidt, 1928: 29.
Chaetomorphafibrosa Klitzing37
-Reinbold, 1896: 267. - Schmidt, 1928: 29.
Cltaetomorpha btdica (Klitzing) Klitzing
- Reinbold, 1896: 267. - Schmidt, 1928: 30.
Chaetomorpha linum (Muller) Kiitzing
~Schmidt, 1928: 29-30.
Chaetomorpha restricta (Suhr) Kiltzing38
-Setchell, 1924: 178. - Schmidt, 1928: 30.
Rhizoclonium Klitzing
Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum (C. Agardh) Klitzing39
--Setchell, 1924: 177. - Schmidt, 1928: 30.
Rhizoclo11i111n riparium (Roth) Harvey var. implexum (Dillwyn) Rosenvinge
[= Rhizoclonium implexum (Dillwyn) Klitzing. - Setchell, 1924: 177; misapplied name
Rhizoclonium tortuosum (Dillwyn) Klitzing. - Schmidt, 1928: 29.40] - Silva et al., 1996:
786.
•Rhizoclonium samoe11se Setchell
--Setchell, 1924: 177 fig. 42. - Schmidt, 1928: 31.
Rhizoclonium tortuos1111141 (Dillwyn) Klitzing
--Reinbold, 1896: 267. - Schmidt, 1928: 29. [= Chaetomorpha tortuosa (Dillwyn)
Klitzing. - Reinbold 1907: 201. - Schmidt, 1928: 29.] - Silva et al., 1996: 787,936.
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Cladopbora Kiitzing, nom. cons.
Cladophora cristata Kiitzing42
- Reinbold, 1896: 267. - Schmidt, 1928: 29.
Cladophora glomerata (Li1U1aeus) Kiitzing
- Setchell, 1924: 178.
Cladophora patentiramea (Montange) Kiitzing
- Schmidt, 1928: 28.
Cladophora pinniger Setchell,
- Setchell, 1924: 178, pl. 20, figs B, 43.
•Cladopliora recl1ingeri Reinbold, 1907: 201
•Cladopl1ora samoensis Grunow
- Reinbold, 1896: 26743•
Cladophora subsimplex Kiitzing
- Reinbold, 1907: 201. - Schmidt, 1928: 28.
Cladophora timorensis G. Martens
- Reinbold, 1896: 267. - Schmidt, 1928: 28.
Cladophora tranquebariensis (Roth) Ktitzing44
- Reinbold, 1896: 267. - Schmidt, 1928: 29.
Cladopliora valonioides (Sonder) Klitzing
[includes Cladophora nitidula Sander. - Reinbold 1907: 201. - Schmidt, 1928: 28.] -
Silva et al., 1996: 784.
Cladophora zostericola Martens
- Reinbold, 1896: 267. - Schmidt, 1928: 29.
Siphonocladaceae
Boodlea G. Murray & De Toni
Boodlea coacta (Dickie) Murray & De Toni
- Schmidt, 1928: 27.
Boodlea composita (Harvey) Brand
[includes Boodlea siamensis Reinbold. - Reinbold, 1907: 202. - Schmidt, 1928: 27.] -
Silva et al., 1996: 789.
Boodlea vanbosseae Reinbold
- Setchell, 1924: 176. - Schmidt, 1928: 27.
Cladophoropsis B0rgesen, nom. cons.
•Cladoplioropsis infestans Setchell
-Setchell, 1924: 177, fig. 41. - Schmidt, 1928: 27.
•Cladoplioropsis limicola Setchell
- Setchell, 1924: 176-177, fig. 40. - Schmidt, 1928: 27.
Dictyosphaeria Decaisne ex Endlicher
Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forsskal) Bergesen
[includesDictyosphaeriafavulosa (Mertens) Decaisne. - Reinbold 1907: 202. -
Schmidt, 1928: 26. Lovell & Toloa, 1994: 71.] - Silva et al., 1996: 795.
Dictyosphaeria versluysii Weber-van Bosse
-Setchell, 1924: 176. -Schmidt, 1928: 26.
Boergesenia J. Feldmann
Boergeseniaforbesii (Harvey) J. Feldma1U1
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[= Valoniaforbesii J. Agardh. - Reinbold, 1896: 268. - Schmidt, 1928: 25.) - Silva et
al., 1996: 788.
Ventricaria Olsen & J. West
Ventricaria ventrico.sa (J. Agardh) Olsen & J. West
[= Valonia ventricosa J. Agardh. - Reinbold, 1896: 268. - Setchell, 1924: 175. -
Schmidt, 1928: 25. -Lovell & Toloa, 1994: 71.] - Silvaet al., 1996: 800.
Anadyomenaceae
Microdictyon Decaisne
Microdictyon umbilicatum (Velley) Zanardini
- Setchell, 1924: 256 ('Microdyction');-1929: 526. - Schmidt, 1928: 27.
Valoniaceae
Valonia C. Agardh
Valonia cladophora Klitzing
- Reinbold, 1896: 268. - Schmidt, 1928: 2645.
Valo11ia fastigiata Harvey ex J. Agardh
- Reinbold, 1896: 268. - Setchell, 1924: 175. figs 39 1-4. - Schmidt, 1928: 26.
BRYOPSIDALES
Bryopsidaceae
Bryopsis Lamouroux
Bryopsis cespitosa Suhr ex Klitzing
- Reinbold, 1896: 268. - Schmidt, 1928: 32. ('caespitosa'). -Silva et al., 1996: 804.
Bryopsis pen11ata Lamouroux var. secm,da (Harvey) Collins & Hervey
[possibly includes Bryopsis harveyana J. Agardh. - Setchell 1924: 174.] - Silva et al.,
1996: 807.
•Bryopsis pottsii Setchell,
- Setchell, 1924: 175, pl. 20, fig. A.
Caulerpaceae
Caulerpa Lamouroux
Caulerpa peltata Lamouroux46
- Setchell, 1924: 173. - Schmidt, 1928: 37.
Caulerpa peltata Lamouroux var. macrodisca (Decaisne) Weber-van Bosse
- Reinbold, 1896: 267. - Schmidt, 1928: 37 (misapplied name: as var. exigua Weber-
van Bosse). - Silva et al., 1996: 831
Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh
- Lovell & Toloa, 1994: 71. [include Caule1pa clavifera (Turner) C. Agardh. -
Reinbold, 1896: 268. - Setchell, 1924: 172-173; and C racemosa var. c/avifera
(Turner) Weber-van Bosse. - Reinbold, 1907: 202. - Schmidt 1928: 36.] - Silva et al.,
1987: 107; -1996: 816,818,833.
Caulerpa scalpelliformis (R. Brown ex Turner) C. Agardh var. denticulata
(Decaisne) Weber van Bosse
- Schmidt, 1928: 34.
Caulerpa sedoides C. Agardh
- Reinbold, 1907: 202. - Schmidt, 1928: 38. - Silva et al., 1996: 840.
Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh
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[includes Caulerpafreycinetii C. Agardh. -Schmidt 1928: 35.]-Silva et al., 1996:
841-842.
Caulerpa sertularioides (S. Gmelin) Howe
[= Caulerpaplumaris (Forsskal) C. Agardh. -Reinbold, 1896: 268. -Schmidt, 1928:
34.] - Silva et al., 1996: 844.
Codiaceae
Codium Stackhouse
Codium arabicum Klitzing47
- Reinbold, 1896: 269. [misapplied name Codium adhaerens (Cabrioch) C. Agardh. -
Schmidt, 1928: 41.] - Silva et al.. 1996: 851.
•Codium bulbopilum Setchell
- Setchell, 1924: 173, fig. 38. - Schmidt, 1928: 41.
Codium tomentosum Stackhouse
-Reirbold, 1896: 269; -1907: 202 -Schmidt, 1928: 41. - Silva et al., 1996: 864.
Halimedaceae
Halimeda Lamouroux, nom. cons.
Halimeda cylindracea Decaisne
(possibly includes Halimeda monile (Solander) Lamouroux. -Reinbold, 1896: 268;
possibly a misapplied name: Halimeda incrassata (Ellis) Lamouroux forma. monilis
(Lamouroux) Barton. - Schmidt, 1928: 41.] - Silva et al.. 1996: 866.
Halimeda discoidea Decaisne
-Lovell & Toloa, 1994: 55.
Halimeda incrassata (Ellis) Lamouroux
-Reinbold, 1896: 268. - Schmidt, 1928: 41.
[possibly includes Halimeda tridens (Ellis & Solander) Lamouroux. - Setchell, 1924:
174.] -Silva et al., 1987: 115; - 1996: 868.
Halimeda macroloba Decaisne
-Setchell, 1924: 174. - Schmidt, 1928: 40. -Lovell & Toloa, 1994: 71.
Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux
- Reinbold, 1896: 268; - 1907: 202. -Setchell, 1924: 173. - Schmidt, 1928: 40. - Lovell
& Toloa, 1994: 71.
Ostreobiaceae
Ostreobium Bomet & Flahault
Ostreobium quekettii Bomet & Flahault
[includes •Ostreobium reineckei Bomet. -Reinbold, 1896: 269. -Setchell, 1924: 174,
256. - Schmidt, 1928: 42.] - Silva et al., 1996: 874.
Udoteaceae
Chlorodesmis Harvey & Bailey
Cl,/orodesmis fastigiata (C. Agardh) Ducker
- Lovell & Toloa, 1994: 71 ('Chlorodesmus'). [includes Chlorodesmis comosa Harvey
& Bailey. - Reinbold, 1896: 269. - Setchell, 1924: 174. - Schmidt, 1928: 38. - Ducker,
1967: 160; Avrainvillea comosa (Harvey & Bailey) G. Murray & Boodle. -Reinbold,
1907: 202.] See Ducker, 1969: 17.
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DASYCLAOALES
Dasycladaceae
Neomeris Lamouroux
Neomeris annulata Dickie
-Setchell, 1924: 179. - Schmidt, 1928: 31.
OooooooooooooooooooooooooOooooooooooooooooooooooooO
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors express their sincere appreciation to Dr Carolyn Bird of the National
Research Council of Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences, Halifax, Mrs Julie
Oliveira ofthe Department ofBotany, University ofBritish Columbia, Vancouver,
Professor Dr Willem Prud'homme van Reine, University of Leiden and Dr Paul Silva
of the Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley for their assistance in locating
some ofthe literature used in this checklist.
PAS acknowledges the support provided by a Canada- South Pacific Ocean
Development Program, Ph~>; II Postgraduate Scholarship, while GRS thanks the C-
SPODP II Project USP 01 for financial assistance.
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REFERENCES
Adey, W.H., & P.A. Lebednik. (1967). Catalog ofthe Foslie Herbarium, Det
Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab Museet, Trondheim, Norge.
[Publishers & place of publication not given.] 91 pp.
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INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES
Acanthophora ...............................................11
Aca11thophora orientalis................................. 11
Aca11thophora spicifera .................................11
Actinotrichi;1 ...................................................6
Acti11otrichia fragilis .......................................6
Actinotrichia rigida..........................................6
Amansia glomerata ........................................11
Amphiroa ........................................................8
Amphiroa a11ceps.............................................8
Amphiroa crassa..............................................8
Amphiroa foliacea ...........................................8
Amphiroafragilissima.....................................8
Amphiroa tribulus ...........................................8
Anotrichium.................................................. 10
Anotrichium tenue var. thyrsigerum ............ 10
A n t i t h a m n i o n ................. ... .. ................ .......... 10
Antithamnion pteroton .................................. I0
Archaeolithothamnion sibogae ........................9
Archaeolithothamnium erythraeum f. mol/e ....9
Asperococcus clathratus ................................14
Asperococcus intricatus .................................14
Avrainvi/lea comosa.......................................19
Bangia tenuissima ............................................5
BQergesenia ...................................................17
B oergesenia f orbesii......................................17
Boodlea .......................................................... 17
Boodlea. coacta .............................................. 17
Boodlea composita ........................................17
Boodlea -siame11sis .......................................... 17
Boodlea vanbosseae ......................................17
Bostrychia .....................................................12
Bostrychia binderi ....................... ..................12
Bostrychia sertularia ...................................... 12
Bostrychia tenella ........ .................................. l 2
Bostrychia vie/lardi ........................................12
Brachycladia marginata...................................6
Bryopsis ......... .. ....... .... ..... .. ......... .... ............... 18
BryQpsis cespitosa..........................................18
B,yopsis harvey ana ........................................ 18
Bryopsispennata var. secu11da ..................... 18
Bryopsis pottsii ..............................................18
Callithamnion ...............................................11
Cqflithamnion codicola .................................11
Caloglossa viellardi ....................................... 11
Calothrix crustacea .........................................4
Caulerpa............. ...........................................18
Caulerpa clavifera .........................................18
Caulerpa f reycinetii ....................................... 19
Ca11lerpa peltata ............................................ 18
Caulerpa peltata var. exigua .......................... 18
Caulerpa peltata var. macrodisca.................18
Caulerpa plumaris .........................................19
Caulerpa .r a c e m m·a . .... ........... .. ....... ......... ..... .18
Cau/erpa racemosa var. clavifera ..................18
Ca11lerpa scalpelliformis var de1,ticulata .....18
Cq ulerpa sedoides ...... ....................................18
Caulerpa serrulata ........................................ 18
Caulerpa sertularioides................................. 19
Centroceras ................................................... 11
Ce11troceras clavulatum ................................ 11
Centroceras clavulatum var. cryptacanthum.11
Centroceras clavulatum var. inerme.............. 11
Ceramium..................................................... 11
Ceramium byssoideum................................... 11
Ceramium c/avulatum.................................... 11
Ceramium jlaccidum .................................... 11
Ceramium gracillimum .................................. 11
Ceramium kutzingianum var. subverticillatum
·················"··········································..... 11
Ceramium punctiforme................................. 11
Ceramium subverticillatum .......................... 11
Chaetomorpha ............................................. 16
Chaetomorpha anten11ina ............................. 16
Chaetomorpha jibrosa ............... ................... 16
Chaetomorpha indica ................................... 16
Chaetomorpha Unum ...........:........................ 16
C,,aetomorpha restricta ................................ 16
Chaetomorpha tortuosa ................................. 16
Champia ..,.................................................... 10
Champia p"arvula .......................................... 10
Cheilosporum ................................................. 8
Cheilosporum acutilobum .............................. 8
Cheilosporumjungermannoides ...... ................ 8
Cheilosporum spectabile................................. 8
Chlorodesmis................................................ 19
Chlorodesmis comosa .................................... 19
Chlorodesmisfastigiata .............................. .. 19
Chnoospora .........,........................................ 15
Chnoospora fastigiata var. pacifica............... 15
Clmoospora implexa ..................................... 15
Ch110Qspora minima ..................................... 15
Chnoospora pacifica ...................................... 15
Chnoospora pannosa .................................... 15
Cladophora.....................:............................. 17
Cladophora cristata ...................................... 17
Cladophora glomerata .................................. 17
Cladophora nitidula ...................................... 17
Cladophora patentiramea ............................. 17
Cladophora pinniger..................................... 17
Cladophora rechingeri.................................. 17
Cladophora samoensis .................................. 17
Cladophora subsimplex ..........,..................... 17
Cladophora timorensis .................................. 17
Cladophora tranq11ebarie11sis ....................... 17
Cladophora valonioides ................................ 17
Cladophora zostericola ................................. 17
Cladophoropsis ........................... ....... .......... 17
Cladophoropsis infesta11s.......... .................... 17
Cladophoropsis limicola .................. ............. 17
Codium ...................................................,..... 19
Codium adhaerens .................. .................. ..... 19
Codium arabicum ......................................... 19
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Codium bulbopilum ....................................... 19
Codium tomentosum ..................................... 19
Corallina ......... ................................................8
Corallina granifera .........................................8
Corallina pumila ..............................................9
Corallina tenella .............................. ................9
Cruoriella dura ................................................7
Cruoriella fovealata ............... ..........................8
Cruoriella mariti ..............................................8
Cryptonemia .......................... ......... ................7
Cryptonemia decumbens .................................7
Cutleria ......................................................... 14
Cutleria multifida .......................................... 14
Cutleria multifida var. pacifica ..................,.14
Dictyosphaeria ..............................................17
Dictyosphaeria cavernosa ............................. 17
Dictymphaeria favulosa .................................17
Dictyosphaeria versluysii .............................. 17
Dictyota ......................................................... 14
Dictyota ciliata var. humilis ........................... 14
Dictyota ciliolata............................................ 14
Dictyota dichotoma ........................................ 14
Dictyota lata................ .. .................... ............. 14
Ectocarpus...... ............................................... 13
Ectocarpus amicorum ................................. .. 13
Ectocarpus breviarticulatus ... .... ..... .............. 13
Ectocarpus du6hassaingianus ........................ 13
Ectocarpus elachistaeformis ..........................13
Ectocarpus indicus ....... ..................................13
Ectocarpus van-bosseae ................................13
Enteromorpha ................................... ...........15
Enteromorpha clathrata ................................15
Enteromorpha compressa .............................16
Enteromorpha crinita .....................................16
Enteromorpha jlexuosa.................................16
EnteromorphaJlexuosa subsp. paradoxa .... 16
Enteromorpha intestinalis............................. 16
Enteromorpha lingulata ................................ 16
Enteromorpha muscoides ............................. 16
Enteromorpha plumosa ..................... ............. 16
Enteromorpha prolifera ................................ 16
Enteromorpha salina var. polyclados ............ 16
Erythrotrichia...... ...................................." .....5
Erythrotrichia investiens .................... ...........,.5
Fcldmania ........................................... .. ........13
Feldmania indica ................................ .. .. :.....l 3
Galaxaura ........... ............. ...............................6
Galaxaura cliftoni ......................... ...................6
Galaxaurafastigiata ........ ................................6
Galaxaura fragilis ............................................6
Galaxaura lapidescens ......... ............................6
Galaxaura marginata ......................................6
Galaxaura rudis ...............................................6
Galaxaura rugosa ... ................... ......................6
Ganoncma ........ ....... ...... ................ ........ ..........6
G,monema farinosum .... .................................6
Gelidiella ......................... ............. ...................7
Gelidiella acerosa ........... ...... ...........................7
Gelidiopsis ............................ ...... ................. .. 10
Gelidiopsis acrocarpa ....................... .. ...........10
Gelidiopsis intricata ...................................... l 0
Gelidiop:.is pannosa ...................................... 10
Gelidiopsis repens ......................................... 10
Gelidiopsis rigida ............................................ 7
Gelidium ......................................................... 6
Gelidium acrocarpum .................................... 10
Gelidium crinale ............................................. 6
Gelidium delicatulum ..................................... 6
Gelidium intricatum....................................... 10
Gelidium pannosum ....................................... 10
Gelidium rigidum ............................................. 7
Gelidium samoense ......................................... 7
Goniolithon frutescens ..................................... 9
Gonio!ithon laccadivicum ................................ 9
Gonio/ithon reinboldii ..................................... 8
Goniotrichum alsidii........................................ 6
Goniotrichum elegans...................................... 6
Gracilaria ....................................................... 7
Graci/aria confervoides................................... 7
Graci/aria edulis ............................................. 7
Graci/aria lichenoides ..................................... 7
Graci/aria verrucosa ....................................... 7
Griffithsia thyrsigera ..................................... 10
Halimeda ........................................,............. 19
Halimeda cylindracea ................................... 19
Halimeda discoidea ....................................... 19
Halimeda incrassata ..................................... 19
Halir/:Jeda incrassata f. monilis ...................... 19
Halimeda macroloba .................................... 19
Halimeda monile............................................ 19
Halimeda opuntia ......................................... 19
Halimeda tridens ......................... .................. 19
Haloplegma .................................................. 11
Haloplegma africanum .................................. 11
Haloplegma duperreyi .................................. 11
Halymenia ....................... .............................. .7
Halymenia durvillei ........................................ 7
Halymenia durvillei var.formosa .................. .. 7
Halymenia formosa ........................................ 7
Hapalospongidion ........................................ 13
Hapalospongidion pangoense ...................... 13
Herposiphonia .............................................. 12
Jlerposiplwnia secu1,da f. tenella ................. 12
Hincksia ........................................................ 13
llincksia breviarticulata ............................... 13
Hormothamnium ........................................... 4
Hormothamnium enteromorphoides .............. 4
Hydroclathrus .................... .......................... 14
Hydroclathrus cancel/atus ............................. 14
Jlydroclathrus clathratus .............................. 14
Hydrolithon .................................................... 8
llydrolithon craspedium ................................. 8
llydrolithon farinosum ................................... 8
1/ydrolithon onkodes ...................................... 8
llydrolithon reinboldii ... ... .............................. 8
1/ydrolithon samoense ......................... ........... 8
Hyella ................................................... ........... 4
llyella caespitosa ............................................4
Hypnea .. .... .................................................... 10
llypnea divaricata ......................................... 10
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Hypnea nidulans ..................................... ...... 10
Hypnea pannosa............................................ l 0
}lypogJossum................................................. 11
/fypoglossum caloglossoides ......................... l 1
Jania ................................................. ...............9
Jania adhaerens ..............................................9
Jania pumila ............................................... .....9
Jania tenella ....................................................9
l{uetzingieJla ................ .............................. ... 13
Kuetzingiella elachistaeformis ......... ............. l 3
Laurencia ...................................................... 12
Laurencia ceylanica ...................................... 12
Laurencia microcladia .................................. 12
Laurencia nidijica ......................................... 12
Laurencia obtusa ........................................... l 2
Laurencia obtusa var. rigidula ..................... 12
Laurencia vaga .............................................. I0
Liagora .......................................................... ..6
Liagora cliftoni .......................... ......................6
Liagorafragilis ................................................6
Liagora hirta........................................ .......... ..6
LithophyJlum ..................................................9
Lithophyllum byssoides ...................................9
Lithophyllum kaiserii .......................................9
Lithophyllum kotschyanum ............................9
Lithophyllum moluccense.. ........................ .......9
Lithophyllum pygmaeum .............................. ..9
lithophyllum samoense ..... ................... ............9
Lithoporella ..................... ...............................9
Lithoporella melobesioides ....... ......................9
Lithothamnion simulans ............. ....... ............ ...9
Lomentaria ......... ............ ....... ....................... I0
Lomentaria microcladia .... ............................. 12
Lomentaria obtusa var. regitlt,,la .................... 12
Loinentaria p arvula var. tenera ..................... 10
Lomentaria parvula var. vaga ......... ............. I0
Lomentaria vaga ...................... ......................1 0
Lophosiphonia ....... ....... .......................... .. ....12
Lophosiphonia calothrix ............... ............. ... 12
Lophosipllonia obscura ................. .......... ......12
Lyrigbya .... ........................... .. .........................5
J.;Jmgbya majuscula ....... ....... ...........................5
Ly11gbya polycl1roa ........ ................ .............. ....5
Ly11gby a pygmaea................ .................... ........5
Mastigocoleus .............. ........ ......... ....... .......... .5
Mastigocoleus testarum ....................... ............5
Mastophora melobesioides .............................. .9
Melanamansia........... ........ ......... ....... ... .........11
M ela11am ansia glomerata ............................. 11
Melobesia farinosa............. ............ ,.................8
Mesophyllum .......... .......... ............. ............. ....9
Mesophyllum simula1ts ............................ .......9
Microchaete ............................................. ...... .4
Microchaete vitiensis...... ...... ...... .....................4
Microdictyon.................. ....................... ........18
Microdictyon umbilicatum ............................ 18
Microdyction umbilicatum ................. .......... ..18
Neogoniolithon........... ....... ................. .............9
N eogoniolithon brassica-jlorida .....................9
Neomeris .......... ....... ............. ,... ...,..... ............20
Neomeris annulata........................................ 20
Nostoc...................... ........................................ 4
Nostoc muscorum ................................. .......... 4
Ostreobium... .......................... ............. ......... 19
Ostreobium quekettii..................................... 19
Ostreobium reineckei ............................. ........ 19
Padina ........................................... .........:·...... 14
Padina boryana ..................................... ........ 14
Padina commersonii ...................................... 14
Padina gymnospora ....................... ............... 14
Padilla pavonia var. gymnospora .................. 14
Peyssonnelia .......... ................. ........................7
Peysso11nelia delicata ..................... ................. 7
Peyssonne/ia foveolata.................. ....... ....... .... 8
Peysso,melia mariti....................... ... ............... 8
Peyssonnelia rubra .......... ....... .......... ..............8
Phormidium ...................... ..................... ... ....... 5
Phormidium autumnale... ....... ................... ..... 5
Polysiphonia ............................................... .. 12
Polysip honia calothrix f. tenuis ........ ............. 12
Polysiphonia codicola ............. ...................... 12
Polysiphoniajaponica var. savatieri.... .... .. .. 12
Polysiphonia mollis var. tongatensis ...... ..... 12
Polysiphonia savatieri ................................ ... 12
Polysiphonia scopulorum ..................... ........ 12
Polysiphonia scopulorum var. scopulorum . 12
Polysipho,ria scopulorum va r. vii/um .. ..... ... 12
Polysip honia setacea ......................... ............ 13
Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa .............. ............ 13
Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa var. distans ... ... 13
Polysiphonia tenella ......... .............. ....... ... ..... 12
Polysiphonia tonga tensis .. ....... ....... ....... ........ 12
Polysiphonia upolensis .... .............. ... ... ....... .. 13
Polystrata......... ............................. ...... ............ 7
Polystrata dura ........................ ............. ........ ... 7
Porolithon craspedium ........ .......... .................. 8
Porolithon onkodes......... ... ....... ...... ................. 8
Prionitis ............... .. ............ ..... .. ..... ........ .. ... .... 7
Prionitis obtusa ................. ........ ........... ........... 7
Ralfsia pangoensis ..... .... ......................... ....... 13
Rhizoclonium ...... ....... ....................... ... ... ..... 16
Rhiwclonium hieroglyphicum .. ... ,............... 16
f?hizoclonium implexum ...................... ........... 16
Rhiw clonium riparium var. implexum .. .. .. . 16
Rhizoclonium samoense .......... .......... .. ..... .... 16
Rhizoclonium tortuosum ............... ............... 16
Roschera glomerulata........ .. .... .................... .. 13
Rosenvingea ............. .................. ............. ...... 14
Rosen vingea intricata .......... ......................... 14
Sar gassum ................... ............................. ..... 15
Sargassum anapense.......................... ........... 15
Sargassum binderi ............ .... ........ ................. 15
Sargassum cif1ctum .. ................................ .... . 15
Sargassum corr(loliwn........................ ........... 15
Sargassum crassifoliu m var. samoe11sis ...... 15
Sargassum cristaefolium var. 11pole11sis .. .... 15
Sargas~·um ecltinocarpum ................. ... .. ... ... 15
Sarga.~sum /011ano11 ense................. ... ........... 15
Sargassum graci/e .................. ............ ........ ... 15
Sargassum obovatum var. pf eifferae ......... .. 15
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Sargassum odontocarpum .......... .................. .15
Sargassum oligocystum .................................15
Sargassum pfeifferae...................................... l 5
Scytouema .............. .. .................. .... .................5
Scytonema jiguratum var. samoense .............5
Scyto11ema liofmam,i-bangii...........................5
Scyto11ema stuposum .......................................5
Sphacelaria ................................................... 14
Spliacelaria ceyla11ica ...................................14
Sphacelaria cornuta ...................................... 14
Sphace/aria furcigera.....................................14
Sphacelaria rigidula ......................... ......... .... 14
Sporolithon .....................................................9
Sporolitho,r erytllraeum ..................................9
Sporolitllo11 sibogae..................... ....................9
Spyridia ........................................... .............. 11
Spyridia filamentosa .................. ....................11
Spyridia spine/la ........................................ .... 11
S tylonema ........ .. ................................... ........... 5
Stylonema alsidii ............................. ... .......... ...5
Symploca ... ............... .............................. ........ 5
Symploca hydnoides........................................ 5
Symploca muscorum ....................................... 5
Tolypiocladia ...... ....... ............................. ...... 13
Tolypiocladia glomerulata ............................ 13
Tricleocarpa ................ ........................ ........... 6
Tricleocarpa cylindrica ........ ........................... 6
Tricleocarpa fragilis ....................................... 6
Turbinaria .................... ....................... ......... 15
Turbinaria conoides...................................... 15
Turbinaria ornata ......................................... 15
Valonia ......... ....................................... .......... 18
Valonia cladoplwra ...................................... 18
Valoniafastigiata .......................................... 18
Valoniaforbesii ....................................... ...... 18
Valonia ventricosa ......................................... 18
Ventricaria ............................. ...................... 18
Ventricaria ventricosa................................ ... 18
Womerslcyella .............................................. 13
Womersleyella setacea .................................. 13
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Endnotes
1 Reinbold (1896: 253) reported this as a brackish water alga.
2 Schmidt (1928: 55) updated Reinhold's record of Bangia tenuissima to Erythrotrichia investiens
without providing any explanation. Verification of the Samoan materials is needed.
3 Schmidt (1928: 55) updated Setchell's record of Goniotrichium alsidii (Zanardini) M.A. Howe to G.
elegans (Chauvin) Le Jolis & Forti following Zanardini (1873: 457). The authorities he provided for G.
elegans followed those of Chauvin (1842: 33-35 'Bangia elegans') and Le Jolis & Forti in De Toni
(1924: 23).
4 According to Silva et al.• (1996: 127-128) Zanardini (1851: 36) erroneously associated Liagora with
Fucus fragilis Forsskal, in which he indicated that his specimen might be referable to F. fragilis. If the
combination is made it remains as a synonym ofActinotrichia fragilis (Forsskal) B0rgesen.
5 The original record is from Grunow (1874: 38) on collections made by Dr. Graeffe. Schmidt (1928:
57) published this record under Brachycladia marginata (Ellis & Solander) Schmitz, without any
explanation.
6 The Samoan records are tentatively placed under Tricleocarpa cylindrica (Ellis & Solander) Huisman
and Borowitzka, following Silva et al.. ( 1996: 116-1 17), who placed Grunow's Samoan record under the
mentioned name. The need for further examination of Samoan plants is vital as currently authors such as
Huisman & Borowitzka (1990: 168) retain G. fastigiata as a distinct species.
7 Schmidt (1928: 56) published Grunow's record of Galaxaura clifioni Harvey under Liagora cliftoni
(Harvey) J. Agardh, without any explanation.
8 The authorities stated by these authors are G. crinale (Turner) Lamoureux ex J. Agardh. See Silva et
al., 1996: 137 for discussion ofauthorities.
9 Setchell (1924: 164) provided a new combination for Acrocarpus delicatulus Klitzing. Schmidt (1928:
60) gave the authorities of(Ktitzing) Crouan in Maze & Schramm (1?70-1877: 200), while Payri &
N'Yeurt ( 1996: 888) adopted the authorities of (Ki.itzing) Grunow (possibly Grunow's '1867'
publication). If this is so then Grunow should take precedent over Crouan. Until this is sorted out, the
Samoan record adopts the authorities given in Setchell (1924: 164).
10 The Samoan records are those ofGrunow (1874) and Setchell (1924) in which Schmidt (1928: 65)
published under Gelidiopsis rigida possibly following Weber-van Bosse (1904: 104-105), though no
explanation was given.
11 The authorities given by Grunow (1874) and Reinbold (1896) were changed by Schmidt (1928: 63),
howeyer they still differ from those given by Silva et al., (1996: 165-167). The authorities need to be
further sorted out.
12 The authorities given by Schmidt ( 1928) differ from those ofGrunow (1874) and Reinbold (1896),
however all are different from those given by Silva et al. , (1996: 178-180, 916).
13 Corallina granifera Ellis & Solander, is a misapplied name for Haliptilon roseum (Lamarck) Garbary
& Johansen, in the Indian Ocean but ofSonder's record only (Silva et al., 1996: 233-234). Corallina
granifera from Samoa is retained as a distinct species following Schmidt (1928: 84) and Reinbold
(1907: 207), and until such a time in which the specimen is re-examined.
14 The authorities given by Schmidt (1928) differ from Silva et al., (1996). See Silva et al., 1996: 297.
15 For authorities see Silva et al., 1996: 346.
16 The Samoan record of lomentaria parvula var. tenera is placed under Champia parvula with great
reservation. This is further exacerbated with the authorities given by Grunow and Reinbold, which differ
from those in Silva et al. , (1996: 346-347). Reinbold (1896: 274) incorporated Grunow's Samoan
records of Laurencia under the genus lomentaria, thus creating confusion on the appropriate generic
placement of the Samoan specimens. Schmidt (1928) placed Lomentaria spp., as reported by Reinbold
under uncertain species in the genus laurencia.
17 Reported in error by Schmidt ( 1928: 69) probably as a result of a mix-up made by Reinbold (1896:
2~).
.
·.
18 Reported in error by Schmidt (1928: 75). Ceramium byssoideum Harvey, is a taxonomic synonym of
Ceramiumflaccidum Harvey, according to Silva et al. , (1996: 397).
19 Reported in error by Schmidt (1928 : 75). C. gracillimum is a taxonomic synonym of C. fla ccidum
according to Reinbold ( 1896: 271 ) and Silva et al., 1996: 397).
20 In establishing the genus Melanamansia R.E. Norris (1988:217) demonstrated that collection of A.
glomerata J. Agardh from Mauritius and South Africa belongs to Amansia rhodhantha (Harvey) J.
Agardh, whereas Pacific records belong to M. glomerata. He reconnnended that records for areas other
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30
than Mauritius and South Africa be re-examined. In a recent study we have demonstrated that the genus
Amansia (sensu Norris, 1988; 1995) occurs in Samoa (South & Skelton, 1999.).
21 Authorities require further investigation. Setchell ( 1924: 160) hinted that Bostrychia vie/lardi Kutzing
is a taxonomic synonym of 8 . tene/la.
22 Schmidt ( 1928) gives Nageli ( 1846) as the second authority ofH. secunda, while Silva et al., ( 1996)
gives Ambronn (1880). Clarification of authorities is needed.
23 Records of Laurencia as reported in Grunow (1874) have been incorporated under the genus of
Lomentaria by Reinbold (1896). Schmidt (1 928) followed Grunow's list, however he list the species
recorded by Reinbold as uncertain species. See endnote 17.
24 The presence of this alga is rather doubtful due to insufficient material according to Setchell (1924:
161).
25 See Silva et al. ( 1996: 538) for discussion ofauthority.
26 See Silva et al. ( 1996: 542).
27 Reported in error by Schmidt ( 1928) based on Grunow ( 1874: 48).
28 Reported in error by Schmidt (1928) of Setchell's ( 1924) specimen.
29 See Silva et al. (1996: 556).
30 Ectocarpus amicorum was a misapplied name for Indian Ocean specimens in Jadin (1935: 158)
according to Silva et al. (1996: 568). There is a need to examined Samoan materials to verify their
fi0
; ,~~~~ commersonii is a misapplied name in Silva et al., ( 1987: 77-78), and Silva et al. (I 996: 601-
603).
32 Schmidt (1928) recognised Vickers as the second authority. According to Allender & Kraft (I983),
records of P. gymnospora from the Indo-Pacific region may be referable to their new species P.
boergensii. See Silva et al. ( 1996: 604-605) for further discussion.
33 Reinbold (1896; 1907) indicated that Grunow 's record of Cutleria pacifica might be a variety of C.
multijida.
34 Silva et al. ( 1996: 630) gave the authorities as A. c/athratus (C. Agardh) J. Agardh. Requires further
investigation.
35 It is of interest and probably highly relevant to note Noro & Abbott's (1994) discussion relating to
Grunow 's treatment of Sargassum. According to them, the large number of names of species in
Sargassum in the Pacific are names proposed by Grunow (1 9 15; 1916) on the basis of very small
numbers of specimens (some taxa have only ont: specimen). Aside from Setchell's records, other
Sargassum species reported by Schmidt (1928) and Reinbold (1907) need verification. Current
phycological research in the region will hopefully shed more light into the complexity of this
polymorphic genus. It is therefore likely that the nine taxa reported from the Samoa islands are probably
much less.
36 The synonym was proposed by Womersley & Bailey (1970: 299-300), however s ome (Tseng & Lu
Baoren, 1995: 68-69, 89, 93, 95-96, 98-101) continue to recognise S. binderi as a distinct species. See
Silva et al. (1996: 690).
37 Il.rackish water alga.
38 For .authorities see Silva et al. (1996: 767).
39 Brackish y.,ater alga.
40 Setchell's ( 1924) record of Rhizoclonium implexum was included in error as R. tortuosum by Schmidt
( 1928: 29).
41 Chaetomo,p ha tortuosa (Dillwyn) Kiitzing is an illegal name; see Silva etal.. (1996: 788, 936). The
delimitation of Rhizoc/onium and Chaetomorpha remains problematical. The placement ofReinbold's
record under Rhizoclonium tortuosum requires further investigation.
42 Possibly a fresh-water alga.
43 Reinbold expressed his uncertainty regarding this alga.
44 According to Silva et al. (1996: 768), there are no marine records for this species. Reinhold's record is
therefore in doubt.
45 There is considerable doubt regarding the presence of this alga or its validity. Schmidt (1928)
questioned Reinbold's record, while Silva et al. ( 1996: 794) stated that it is a misapplied name of
Cladophoropsis sundanensis Reinbold. The record is tentatively placed as it is, until new information
emerges to support its position.
46 There is disagreement as to whether C. peltata should be regarded as a variety of C. racemosa
(Forsskal) J. Agardh or a distinct species. See Silva et al, (1996: 829-830) for a discussion on this.
47 The occurrence of C. adherens reported in Reinbold (1896: 269) from Samoa is unlikely. Records of
C. adherens maybe referable to C. arabicum Kiitzing. See Silva et al, (1996: 851).