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A preliminary investigation of some color pigments |
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INSTITUTE Of NJ\\TUTTJ\\L rmsouncES
UNIVE11SITY OF Tl IE SOUTI I PJ\\CU'IC
LNVrnON:'-1ENT/\\L STUDIES IlEI 'Ol!T NO. 18
/\\ PrlELil\\UN/\\IlY l!\\1\\/ESTIGJ\\TION OP
SOME COLOUn PIG!\\IENTS IN TJ\\HO PLANTS
May 1984
Regina A. Pras.-.,d
Erich V. Lassa!<
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INTRODUCTION
Taro (dalo), a staple food for most people in the South Pacific is
grown fairly widely in the region. There are inany•varieties of taro
with probably.a different name for the same variety between regions
and possibly within a region.
Anthocyanins, the pi�ents that ·give plants their various colours.may
be present in all parts of the taro plant (Strauss, Stephens, Gonzales
and Arditti, 1979) in various amounts. Because the anthocyanin
lrvels and distributions vary between varieties, it was thought
that the anthocyanins and or other ex.tractable components present
may be used as a means of identifying each variety/strain.
In an initial investigation of this possibility three different·
varieties 01 taro cultivars were studied. They are:
i)
ii)
iii)
Vavai-Loa
Kaboa
Kurokece
The cultivars were cut into three sections (Appendix 1) and each
section was then homogenized in a blender with petroleum ether
(b.p. 60 - 800C). The slurry was transferred into a separating
funnel, washed with distilled water, filtered, extracted with
chlorofonn until the chloroform was colourless or very pale
yellow and the residue then soaked in 1% HCl in methanol for
3 days.
RESULTS
The absorption spectra of the filtrates fran the water, chloroform/
petroleUJ')'l ether and HCl in methanol extracts were determined
using a Perkin Elmer 404 lN-VIS Spectraneter. The spectra are
given in Appendix 2.
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DISCUSSION
( 1) H20 and HCl in methanol' as the extractant
The colours of the filtrates for the 18 samples were very
similar i.e. both extractants were wine red for samples No.
2, 3, 5 and 6 but the colour intensity .differed. The aqueous
layer filtrates for No. 2, 3, 5 and 6 oxidised upon standing
for a day or two at room temperature but no colour change
was observed in the HCl/methanol filtrate for those samples.
Both extractants showed broad peaks in the U.V. region
( Appendix 2) .
a) Water as the extractant
All top- sections of each variety has a imax between
258 - 263 nm, the bottcm sections absorbed around 255 nm
while the absorption peaks of the middle section extracts
lay inbetween.
b) 1% HCi in methanol as the extractant
There is no obvious correlation between sections·of the
same variety or between varieties.
In both of the cases above, the absorption wavelength could
be dependent on the relative amounts of various protonated
species and could be related to the ionic strength of the
solvent. Thus Amax measures the average absorbance of the
species in solution e.g.
Amax for -sanple No. 4 in HCl/MeOH = 270 nm upon dilution
Amax for the same sample
= 265 nm
(2) Petroleum ether/chloroform as the extractant
The filtrates for all samples in this case were yellow but
the yellow colour intensity varied between samples. All
samples gave absorption peaks in both the U.V. and visible
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3.
regions. All cases showed the same 1�ax in the visible region
( :.t4,438,671 nm). The spectra of the three varieties, Vavai-T�oa,
Kaboa and Kurokece are differe�t in the U.V. region but the
spectra are not reproducible because extracts fran the same
: section of the same variety but fran another plant gave a .
canpletely diff�rent spectrum (Appendix 2)�
CONCLUSION
The above methods cannot be used as a means of identification for
the three varieties of taro tested because there are variations
between the taro stems from different plants of the same variety
both visually and chemically.
REFERENCES
Strauss, M.S., Stephens, G.C., Gonzales, C.J. and Arditti, J.
Genetic Variability in Taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.)
Schott (Araceae). Ann. Bot. i�, 429-437 (1980).
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APPENDIX I
Method of collection
Three varieties were chosen for this project: Vavai-Loa, Kaboa
and Kurokece. The three were chosen in such a way that the cultivars
were completely different from each other in appearance. The
second (from inside) mature loaf was sampled. Two stems from
diff�rent plcints of the same variety were collected
1 10 cm
mid-point
10 cm
Ground
· DIAGRAM I
After cutting the stem off (as close to the ground as possible),
the whole length of each stem was measured and cut into 3 sections
(Diagram 1) and stored in the esky while being transported to the
laboratory.
Extraction
Each section was given a sample number as follows:·.
1) Top
2) Middle
section - Vavai-Loa
"
"
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3) Bottom
4) Top
5) t-liddle
6) Bottom
7) Top
8) Middle
9) I3ottom
10) Top
11) Middle
12) Bottom
13) .Top
14) t-liddle
15) Dottcm
16) Top
17) Middle
18) Bottom
section - Vavai-Loa
II
II
,.
"
"
"
" - Kaboa
II
II
"
"
"
"
II
"
"
"
II
Kurokece
"
"
."
"
II
II
"
"
"
"
Each sarnrle was weighed, blended with petroleum ether fb.p. 60 -
80°C),· tr.msr.crred to a scparatory .funnel, f'iltered, washed with
distillect·w;iter, :filtered again and then enough chloro.fonn was
added to cover the slurry. At the end of the 2-hour extraction
pericxl, the chlorof'orm layer was :filtered off" and the sample was
re-extracted with chlorof'orm again until the chlorof'onn layer was
almost or completely colourless; The sample was then soaked in
1% IICl in methanol f'or 3 days and then the solution was filtered.
1hc petroleum ether/water/chloroform layers wer·e shaken up
vigorously and then was separated into 2 layers - aqueous
organic
The absorbance of the three diff'erent filtrate was then determined
using a Perkin Elmer 404 W-VIS Spectrometer.
APPENDIX 2
Spcctr·il. are attached.
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